Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs

  • Up to £15,000 vet fees
  • No compulsory excess or bill share, even as your pet ages†
  • No upper age limit
  • Free 24/7 access to FirstVet video consultations
  • All pre-existing conditions considered*†

Why choose Petgevity pet cover for IVDD in dogs?

Vet fees up to £15,000

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To suit your pet’s needs, choose vet fee cover from £1,000 to £15,000. The limit resets every year you renew.

Design your own pet insurance

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Policies as unique as your pet. Set your own limits, excess and optional extras, for cover as snug as a collar.

Switch with unbroken cover

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If you switch to us from a like-for-like policy, there’ll be no gap in cover, with protection starting straight away**.

What is IVDD in dogs?

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a painful condition where the spinal cord becomes squashed by a ruptured or bulging intervertebral disc. It often affects breeds such as Dachshunds, Corgis and French Bulldogs. IVDD can cause pain, incontinence, weakness, and even paralysis. This guide looks at the main symptoms of IVDD and what to expect if your dog develops the condition.

Overview

  • IVDD is the most common spinal disease in dogs.
  • Breeds with short legs and long bodies – like the Dachshund – are at higher risk, but any breed can be affected.
  • Trauma can damage discs, but there are two main types of degenerative disc disease – Hansen type 1 and Hansen type 2.
  • Damaged discs press on the spinal cord, causing pain, weakness, incontinence, and paralysis in severe cases.
  • Treatment options range from pain relief, rest and physiotherapy to surgery.
What Causes What Causes
What causes IVDD in dogs?

Intervertebral discs sit between your dog’s backbones. Their jelly-like centre and tough outer shell cushion movement and act as shock absorbers. There are two main ways these discs deteriorate:

Hansen type 1 happens when the jelly centre hardens and – after a jump, fall, twist or a knock – the disc bursts and the centre shoots out, pressing on the spinal cord.

Hansen type 2 typically affects older dogs. The outer wall of the disc slowly thickens and begins to bulge towards the spinal cord. Symptoms can come on slowly or suddenly.

What Causes What Causes
Which breeds are most affected?

Smaller breeds, especially those with long backs and short legs, are more at risk of developing Hansen type 1 disc disease and sudden ruptures, including:

Larger breeds more commonly develop Hansen type 2 disc disease, which can have a slower onset. These include:

What Causes What Causes
What are the signs and symptoms of mild to moderate IVDD?

IVDD can develop suddenly without warning, or it can come on gradually. Taking action as soon as you see milder symptoms can reduce the chances of more severe ones developing.

Milder symptoms include:

  • problems weeing or pooing
  • back or neck pain
  • wobbling or stumbling
  • knuckling or dragging paws
  • tensed or arched back
  • panting, shaking or shivering
  • refusing to move (walking or jumping)
  • weakness

Diagnosis

If you think your dog is showing early signs of IVDD, contact your vet. Diagnosis usually involves assessing the history, clinical signs and physical exam findings, along with X-rays and advanced imaging such as MRI.

What Causes What Causes
Treatment of mild to moderate IVDD

With mild signs, your vet may recommend a less invasive approach to treatment, including:

  • anti-inflammatories and pain relief
  • strict crate rest with on-lead toilet breaks
  • helping your dog go to the toilet and cleaning them if they have accidents
  • following a strict exercise plan laid out by your vet
  • reducing slip and fall risks by using rugs, mats and ramps

Prognosis

By carefully following your vet’s advice, your dog may regain some – or all – of their strength and sensation. But this can take weeks or months. Even after a full recovery, the disc that caused the problem doesn’t return to normal, so long-term lifestyle changes are essential to reduce future flare-ups.

What Causes What Causes
Symptoms of severe IVDD

Dogs with severe IVDD can have symptoms such as:

  • inability to wee or poo
  • loss of feeling
  • severe pain or lack of pain
  • partial to complete paralysis

Immediately contact your vet if your dog shows any signs of paralysis or is rapidly declining.

Diagnosis

In addition to physical exam findings that help decide if surgery is the best option, your dog will need advanced imaging to pinpoint the location of the disc problem.

What Causes What Causes
Treatment of severe IVDD

If your dog’s IVDD is severe, for example they are paralysed or in extreme pain, your vet will talk to you about disc surgery. Dogs who have lost deep pain sensation are a surgical emergency.

Surgery involves removing a window of bone from the spine, relieving pressure and providing access to remove disc material. Operating next to an already damaged spinal cord carries risks – but for dogs with severe symptoms, surgery offers the best chance of recovery.

Post-surgery recovery can take months or even years. Physical therapy is often needed to help carefully build your dog’s strength back up.

Prognosis

The outlook for a dog with severe IVDD depends on how much permanent damage was done before surgery. Some dogs improve rapidly, for others it takes months. Delays or loss of deep pain sensation reduce the chances of a good outcome. Dogs who remain paralysed can learn to adapt, but persistent pain is harder to manage.

What Causes What Causes
Our expert says…

“When your dog suddenly can’t walk and has lost deep pain sensation, getting advanced imaging and surgery (often at a referral centre) becomes a race against time.

“Insurance makes these stressful decisions easier, because IVDD rarely strikes when you’re financially prepared. But as a vet, diagnosing the early cases is the most challenging. I’ve seen dogs who yelped once and then seemed normal right up until they suddenly couldn’t stand.

“Maybe your dog stumbles on occasion, or their nails are wearing unevenly. It can be tempting to put it down to a ‘touch of arthritis’, or perhaps they get stressed and turn into a bit of a firecracker on the examination table. In these situations, subtle signs of IVDD are easy to miss or dismiss.

“That’s why it helps to investigate even mild symptoms when possible. Not to over-test, but to understand what’s actually going on. X-rays don’t always change what we do on the day. But when your dog’s symptoms shift over time – as they often do – having that baseline makes decision-making, including when to refer, much clearer.”

Dr Nicole Olewinski – BVSc MRCVS

What Causes What Causes
Can I get dog insurance with IVDD?

If you’re taking out Petgevity Lifetime Plus insurance, we’ll certainly see if we can cover your dog’s IVDD*. You’ll need to tell us all about the condition – and others they’ve had in the last two years – when getting a quote.

Find out more about our dog insurance for pre-existing medical conditions.

What Causes What Causes

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Defaqto 5 star rating when you choose vet fees over £4,000 with all optional add-ons included.

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What’s included in your pet cover

Choosing Petgevity to protect your pets gives you more than just vet fee cover. Here's what you get from our policy.

Dental accident

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Covers your pet up to the chosen vet fee limit if they have a dental accident or injury. Always be sure to take your pet for annual dental check-ups, and follow your vet’s advice.

Behavioural treatment

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Get expert help with your pet’s mental and emotional wellbeing, as advised by your vet. Cover up to your chosen vet fee amount or the cost of up to 12 sessions, whichever is lower (Lifetime Plus); or up to £1,000 (Lifetime).

Complementary therapy

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As advised by your vet, this covers alternative treatments like acupuncture or hydrotherapy. Cover up to your chosen vet fee amount (Lifetime Plus); or up to chosen vet fee amount or £1,500, whichever is lower (Lifetime).

Emergency care

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If you can’t look after your pet due to an emergency, such as an unplanned hospital visit, this covers you for up to £1,500 (Lifetime Plus) in minding costs.

Third-party liability for dogs

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Covers you for legal costs if your dog causes injury to somebody or their pet, or causes loss or damage to someone’s property. Protects you for up to £2 million in a legal action.

Choice of optional extras

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Need extra protection? Choose from several optional extras to cover your pet’s needs, including dental illness, or cover if your pet is stolen or lost.

Compare our multi-pet cover

petgevity-logo-white p-only-petgevitylogo ManyPets Petplan Agria
Maximum vet fees £15k per year £15k per year £12k per year £20k per year
Cover for pre-existing conditions?
No compulsory excess?
No compulsory co-payments for older pets? 20% (from age 9) 20% (from age 7) Min. 10% (from any age)
Tailor limits per pet on a multi-pet policy
Dental treatment for accidents?
Behavioural treatment and complementary therapy?

†For Lifetime Plus policies only – details correct as of 10 September 2024 via competitor websites. Competitor products are subject to their own T&Cs and can have different limits and requirements for cats versus dogs at different ages. For full details, please check the relevant policy wording.
For full details of Petgevity pet insurance, please read our policy wording.

Frequently asked questions about IVDD

  • Can IVDD be prevented? 

    Although you can’t completely prevent your dog from getting IVDD, there are things you can do to lower the risk. 

    • Keep your dog at a healthy weight with a controlled diet and appropriate exercise 
    • Stay away from high-impact activities like jumping, going up and down stairs, and skidding 
    • Be wary of rough play that causes your pup to twist their spine  
    • Use ramps to give your dog access to furniture 
    • Give their back proper support when picking them up and putting them down 
    • Wait until their bones and joints have properly developed before neutering 
    • Ask breeders whether the parents have any history of IVDD 
  • How much does IVDD surgery cost? 

    IVDD surgery can start from £4,000 with costs going above £10,000 depending on whether your dog needs specialist help.  

    There are also extra costs to think about like post-surgery physiotherapy. 

†Lifetime Plus policies only

*Cover for pre-existing medical conditions is subject to acceptance. They will not be covered unless you have declared them and they are shown on your Confirmation of Cover.

**Illnesses and symptoms won’t be covered in the first 14 days and accidents won’t be covered in the first 2 days of the policy. This is unless you are switching from another lifetime pet insurance product with no break in cover and the claim you want to make would have been covered by your previous policy. Other exclusions may apply to other sections.